An unusually warm day - we were a bit early - Starbucks had a nice air conditioned view of the theatre. |
No photos allowed during the performance - so this was quickly taken as the players arrived. |
An actor, Richard Burbage, leased land from a Mr Allen in London and built his amphitheater. It was based on the coliseum model but on a miniature scale. Plays were only staged in summer because the building had a doughnut roof. This design allowed natural light in which illuminated the players much better than candle light but gave no protection from the weather. Those sitting on the afore mentioned torturous seats kept dry under the doughnut roof. It was built to entertain 1500 people paying a penny per play but it was not uncommon for 3000 to jam themselves in.
Oh torturous seats - no backs on the front row and less leg room than an economy airline sardine seat. |
Waiting outside the East door. Tar and thatch in view. |
Unfortunately the tar and the thatch created a furious fire when some canon special effects, in the playing of Shakespeare's Henry VIII, ignited the roof. It to burnt down to its brick icosagon (20 sided polygon) foundations in less than an hour. The Globe had lasted for 14yrs after opening in 1599. The only person injured was a guy whose pants caught alight but a true friend put the fire out with his pint of ale.
Today the Globe is always tied with Shakespeare's name, he had acted for Burbage and written plays but it wasn't until the rebuild in Southwark that he became a partner of the company and paid a sum of £10 (2 years of a shopkeeper's wage) along with many others for the privilege. He was only one of many authors that had their work performed there.
Thought to be a Self Portrait of Richard Burbage. See an excerpt of an article about him at the end. |
Plagiarism was a word that Shakespeare did not invent; in his day nobody cared if a new play was a rework of an ancient tale. Comedy of Errors has the same plot as a Roman story he would have studied at school by Plautus and The Taming of the Shrew was a rewrite of one of his contemporary's plays. Even Romeo and Juliet has lines in it copied from someone else - the original ending had them married with kids and a happy ever after. What people wanted was action and new stories. As only 30% of the male population and 10% of the female population could read it is quite understandable that oral story telling was still so important. Flags would go up outside the theaters to show that a performance was about to begin, red for a history play, black for a tragedy(sad ending - usually because of the main character's character flaw) and white for a comedy(happy ending - not necessarily because it is funny. We watched King John, a history play and the way it was acted had us laughing all the way through.)
Sweetie bags from Hardy's - who would have thought they could have caused such embarrassment . Did anyone get a bruise by a Yorich white chocolate skull? |
Every play had to be approved by the Master of the Revels - a court appointed position that censored works before production. Of course jail and head chopping for politically incorrect plays meant that imaginary countries, foreign lands, euphemisms and histories that pandered to the ruling monarch and their ancestors were the order of the day. Political correctness in those days had nothing to do with religious niceties, controlled levels of violence or rating for sexual content.
Some of the plaster work inside the theatre. The woman looks as if shes saying - that'll be enough staring at me, that bloke over there is saying something important! |
The flag at the top of the pole was red - indicating that the performance was a history play. |
Sam Wanamaker next to the plaque he found in the 50's - photo from http://www.theguardian.com/stage/theatreblog/2009/sep/02/sam-wanamaker |
After 23 years of persistence and assistance from others who bought into his dream, Mr Wanamaker was able to purchase some land one street closer to the river than where the original had stood. He saw the building begin but died before it opened officially in 1997. There is an attached indoor theater named after him.
The Shakespeare's Globe Trust did lots of research and designed a replica. The two pillars holding the roof over the apron stage are made from matching trunks of Oaks. One of the bricks uncovered by archaeologists in the original building's foundations was analysed and copied so the 20 sided theater would have the same base. Craftsmen were hired to build it in the same way as it would have been - with the edition of modern health and safety demands. Health and safety made other demands that altered the design, it had to have fire escape doors and had to get special permission from the city council to go against the rule that no building in London should have a thatched roof (made in 1666 after the great fire of London). It was ordered to have fire retardant materials under through and on the roof. They numbered seats to prevent authentic overcrowding and put higher barriers on the gallery seats.
I had been waiting until one of our favourite plays were announced but gave in to watch King John, one of Shakespeare's less popular plays, and consoled myself with the idea that being in the building would be enough. I was so surprised - the actors made this play funny and sophisticated.
King John was chosen as a nod to the anniversary celebrations of the Magna Carta this year. It was barely mentioned but we all know that King John was bullied into signing it by his barons. The document removed the monarch's right to take land or imprison people at will. After seeing his sneering at the Pope and his envoy in the play it is hard to believe that the Pope took John's side and abolished his responsibility to it because of his right as King.
Jo Stone-fewings played a superbly sardonic John and made you actually like the King and feel dismay as he was misunderstood(even though he ordered the death of a child). The fantasy 'Phillip the Bastard' (supposedly the illegitimate son of John's brother, Richard the Lionheart), played by Alex Waldman reaches into the audience and demands attention. Queen Elanor (John and Richard's mother) played by Barbra Martin looked and sounded as if she had just stepped off the boat from medieval Aquitaine.
Alex Waldman starring as Phillip the B. |
A couple of my favourite lines:
Grief fills the room up of my absent child,
Lies in his bed, walks up and down with me,
Puts on his pretty looks, repeats his words,
Remembers me of all his gracious parts,
Stuffs out his vacant garments with his form:
Then have I reason to be fond of grief. (3.4.92)
(When Constance - wife of King Richard hears her son has died jumping off a castle wall where he thought himself imprisoned.)
Life is as tedious as a twice-told tale,
Vexing the dull ear of a drowsy man. (3.4.108)
The relationship between script and actor - an interesting theory about the lack of Shakespeare's fame upon his death.
"Richard
Burbage is considered to be the first great actor of the English theatre. He achieved success as performer by the age of twenty and during
his career he appeared in plays by Jonson, Kyd, Beaumont and Fletcher, and John
Webster. He also played many of the major Shakespearean characters, including
Othello, Hamlet, Lear, and Richard III. "It is likely that Richard
III was
the most popular of all Shakespeare's plays with the Elizabethan public; it
provided a superlative part for Burbage" (Rowse, 130).
Legend tells us that a woman fell in love with Burbage when she saw him play Richard III and begged him to come to her chambers that night under the name of King Richard. But Shakespeare overheard the proposition and, as a joke, left the theatre early to take Burbage's place. Shakespeare was "at his game ere Burbage came. Then, message being brought that Richard III was at the door, Shakespeare caused return to be made that William the Conqueror was before Richard III" (Rowse, 130).
Legend tells us that a woman fell in love with Burbage when she saw him play Richard III and begged him to come to her chambers that night under the name of King Richard. But Shakespeare overheard the proposition and, as a joke, left the theatre early to take Burbage's place. Shakespeare was "at his game ere Burbage came. Then, message being brought that Richard III was at the door, Shakespeare caused return to be made that William the Conqueror was before Richard III" (Rowse, 130).
The shock and sadness
over Burbage's passing may be the key to our understanding of why so little was
written on Shakespeare's death just three years earlier - a theory put so
eloquently by C. C. Stopes in Burbage and Shakespeare's Stage:
"Shakespeare was out
of it all now - away in the quiet Stratford Church he lay. And Richard Burbage,
having a son at the end of the year, in memory of him called the child by the
name of '"William." It has often been noted by enemies that the world
did not seem very much distressed about the death of Shakespeare. No one seems
to have grasped the true reason. Shakespeare had retired from the stage, as an
actor, some time before he died. His personal appearances in London were rare.
And when the end came, and the creation of plays from that source ceased, we have every reason to believe that there was an increase in the number of the performances of his plays. For in the characters Shakespeare wrote for him Richard Burbage attained his greatest glory. Men did not realize that Shakespeare was dead while Burbage lived. His power of impersonation was so great that he became his characters....We have only to turn to the poems referring to Richard Burbage to realize that it was in the death of Burbage that to the world our Shakespeare died.” "
And when the end came, and the creation of plays from that source ceased, we have every reason to believe that there was an increase in the number of the performances of his plays. For in the characters Shakespeare wrote for him Richard Burbage attained his greatest glory. Men did not realize that Shakespeare was dead while Burbage lived. His power of impersonation was so great that he became his characters....We have only to turn to the poems referring to Richard Burbage to realize that it was in the death of Burbage that to the world our Shakespeare died.” "
Mabillard, Amanda. Richard
Burbage. Shakespeare Online.
21 Nov. 2000. (28.6.2015)
Rowse, A. L. Shakespeare the Man. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988.
Stopes, C.C. Burbage and Shakespeare's Stage. London: A. Moring, Ltd., 1913.
Stopes, C.C. Burbage and Shakespeare's Stage. London: A. Moring, Ltd., 1913.
The Globe also sends out troops of travelling players in the summer season - much like in Shakespeare's day. Willow and Petal went to see their production of Romeo and Juliet at the Cambridge Arts Theatre on the very hot 1st day of July. They were both impressed with Mercutio - played by Steffan Donnelly.
The theatre is a good size but goes mostly unnoticed behind a tiny street facade.